![]() The purpose of distribution system is to deliver water to consumer with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure. Under given situations such as pipeline maintenance, non-revenue water, advanced metering infrastructure, the ultimate goal of this paper is to ensure water distribution system challenges are overcome and supply water sources to users reliably in a more sustainable and timely manner as a long-term plan. ![]() These attempts also include the optimization of total system construction and operation cost. As water demands pressures raise increasingly on the existing water supply system, many studies attempted to develop a general water supply system to assist decision makers to design more reliable systems for a long range operation period. However, the complexity of system limited the site specific application at the first era. Many efforts on the development of a water supply system have been made through for sustainable water supply. As additional components and linkages between sources and users are developed, the complexity of the water supply system and the difficulty in understanding how the system will react to changes grows. Structural system additions including new conveyance systems and treatment and recharge facilities and operation decisions, such as allocating flow and implementing conservation practices, are made with the present and future demands in minds. For example, reclaimed water has become an essential water resource for potable and nonpotable uses. Limited new natural water sources, especially in the southwest region of the USA, and rapidly increasing population has led to the need for innovative methods to manage a water supply system. Today, a water supply system consists of infrastructure that collects, treats, stores, and distributes water between water sources and consumers. For example, the Romans constructed aqueducts to deliver water from distant sources to their communities. People began to transport water from other locations to their communities. As populations grew, the challenge to meet user demands also increased. Most ancient civilizations were initiated near water sources. Providing sufficient water of appropriate quality and quantity has been one of the most important issues in human history. ![]() Oyedele Adeosun, Obafemi Awolowo University
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